Publications using spray pyrolysis, the dominant deposition technique across this body of work, to grow doped and undoped metal-oxide thin films on glass substrates.
Annealing transforms a zinc-dominant spray-deposited film into polycrystalline ZnO, and only the film annealed at 623 K gives a useful room-temperature ethanol response.
Optimized spray pyrolysis conditions grow c-axis oriented boron-doped ZnO films instead of the usual crystallinity loss, with 10 mol% boron giving the strongest, most selective room-temperature ammonia response.
Cobalt doping shifts a spray-pyrolysis ZnO film's gas selectivity between acetaldehyde and ethanol depending on doping level, without changing its 19-25 nm crystallite size range.
Substrate temperature and annealing steer spray-pyrolysis copper oxide films toward the tenorite (CuO) phase over cuprite (Cu2O), with 623 K giving the best crystallinity.
Magnesium doping tunes spray-pyrolysis ZnO crystallite size and band gap, with the lowest-doping film reaching a room-temperature ammonia response of 796 at 100 ppm.
Nickel doping narrows the optical band gap of spray-deposited ZnO thin films, and a 0.008 M nickel-doped film gives the strongest room-temperature ethanol response, responding in about 50 seconds.
Increasing the spray-pyrolysis precursor volume from 15 to 45 mL thickens ZnO films from 225 to 781 nm and raises conductivity, with the thicker film's open structure favoring gas sensing.
Raising the spray-pyrolysis substrate temperature shifts ZnO grain shape from spherical to pebble-like and strengthens the room-temperature ammonia response, peaking at 623 K.
Higher precursor concentration turns spray-pyrolysis V2O5 into interconnected, flower-like nanofibers that give the strongest, most selective room-temperature xylene response among eight tested vapors.
A nanopebble-textured ZnO film made by high-temperature spray pyrolysis selectively senses ammonia at room temperature down to 1 ppm.
